Electrical Symbols
Symbol
|
Component name
|
Meaning
|
Wire Symbols
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Conductor of electrical current
| ||
Connected crossing
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Wires are not connected
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Switch Symbols and Relay Symbols
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Disconnects current when open
| ||
Selects between two connections
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Pushbutton Switch (N.O)
|
Momentary switch - normally open
| |
Pushbutton Switch (N.C)
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Momentary switch - normally closed
| |
DIP switch is used for onboard configuration
| ||
Relay open / close connection by an electromagnet
| ||
Close connection by jumper insertion on pins.
| ||
Solder to close connection
| ||
Ground Symbols
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Used for zero potential reference and electrical shock protection.
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Connected to the chassis of the circuit
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Resistor Symbols
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Resistor(IEEE)
|
Resistor reduces the current flow.
| |
Resistor (IEC)
| ||
Potentiometer(IEEE)
|
Adjustable resistor - has 3 terminals.
| |
Potentiometer(IEC)
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Adjustable resistor - has 2 terminals.
| ||
Trimmer Resistor
|
Preset resistor
| |
Thermistor
|
Thermal resistor - change resistance when temperature changes
| |
Photoresistor / Light dependent resistor (LDR)
|
Photo-resistor - change resistance with light intensity change
| |
Capacitor Symbols
| ||
Capacitor is used to store electric charge. It acts as short circuit with AC and open circuit with DC.
| ||
Adjustable capacitance
| ||
Inductor / Coil Symbols
| ||
Coil / solenoid that generates magnetic field
| ||
Includes iron
| ||
Power Supply Symbols
| ||
Generates constant voltage
| ||
Generates constant current.
| ||
AC Voltage Source
|
AC voltage source
| |
Electrical voltage is generated by mechanical rotation of the generator
| ||
Generates constant voltage
| ||
Generates constant voltage
| ||
Generates voltage as a function of voltage or current of other circuit element.
| ||
Generates current as a function of voltage or current of other circuit element.
| ||
Meter Symbols
| ||
Measures voltage. Has very high resistance. Connected in parallel.
| ||
Measures electric current. Has near zero resistance. Connected serially.
| ||
Measures resistance
| ||
Measures electric power
| ||
Lamp / Light Bulb Symbols
| ||
Lamp / light bulb
|
Generates light when current flows through
| |
Lamp / light bulb
| ||
Lamp / light bulb
| ||
Diode / LED Symbols
| ||
Diode allows current flow in one direction only - left (anode) to right (cathode).
| ||
Allows current flow in one direction, but also can flow in the reverse direction when above breakdown voltage
| ||
Schottky diode is a diode with low voltage drop
| ||
Variable capacitance diode
| ||
LED emits light when current flows through
| ||
Photodiode allows current flow when exposed to light
| ||
Transistor Symbols
| ||
Allows current flow when high potential at base (middle)
| ||
Allows current flow when low potential at base (middle)
| ||
Made from 2 bipolar transistors. Has total gain of the product of each gain.
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N-channel field effect transistor
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P-channel field effect transistor
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N-channel MOSFET transistor
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P-channel MOSFET transistor
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Misc. Symbols
| ||
Electric motor
| ||
Change AC voltage from high to low or low to high.
| ||
Electric bell
|
Rings when activated
| |
Produce buzzing sound
| ||
The fuse disconnects when current above threshold. Used to protect circuit from high currents.
| ||
Contains several wires. Usually for data / address.
| ||
Optocoupler isolates connection to other board
| ||
Converts electrical signal to sound waves
| ||
Converts sound waves to electrical signal
| ||
Amplify input signal
| ||
Operates with hysteresis to reduce noise.
| ||
Converts analog signal to digital numbers
| ||
Converts digital numbers to analog signal
| ||
Used to generate precise frequency clock signal
| ||
Antenna Symbols
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Transmits & receives radio waves
| ||
Two wires simple antenna
| ||
Logic Gates Symbols
| ||
Outputs 1 when input is 0
| ||
Outputs 1 when both inputs are 1.
| ||
Outputs 0 when both inputs are 1. (NOT + AND)
| ||
Outputs 1 when any input is 1.
| ||
Outputs 0 when any input is 1. (NOT + OR)
| ||
Outputs 1 when inputs are different. (Exclusive OR)
| ||
Stores one bit of data
| ||
Multiplexer / Mux 2 to 1
|
Connects the output to selected input line.
| |
Multiplexer / Mux 4 to 1
| ||
Demultiplexer / Demux 1 to 4
|
Connects selected output to the input line.
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